In-Depth DCT Coefficient Distribution Analysis for First Quantization Estimation

The exploitation of traces in JPEG double compressed images is utter importance for investigations. Properly exploiting such insights, First Quantization Estimation (FQE) could be performed order to obtain source camera model identification (CMI) and therefore reconstruct the history a digital image. In this paper, method able estimate first quantization factors presented, employing mixed statistical Machine Learning approach. presented solution demonstrated work without any a-priori assumptions about matrices. Experimental results comparisons with state-of-the-art show goodness proposed technique.